//-------------------------------------------------------------------- var bookTitle = '李斯特六首帕格尼尼练习曲'; var bookSubTitle = ''; var bookFootText = '中国曲谱网 www.qupu123.com'; var bookIntroduce = "

  李斯特FranzLiszt(1811.10.22--1886.7.31)，匈牙利作曲家、钢琴家、指挥家和音乐活动家，浪漫主义音乐的主要代表人物之一，被人们誉为\"钢琴之王\"。《帕格尼尼大练习曲》S141共六首，作于1838年，呈现给舒曼的夫人克拉拉。除最有名的《钟》取自小提琴协奏曲外，其余五首均取材自帕格尼尼的《24首随想曲》。

  第一首G大调，行板(andante)。帕格尼尼的原作是两个声部的，高音声部是一条歌唱性的旋律，低音声部是在另一根弦上的颤音音型，它提供了和声与节奏的背景。李斯特简单地把这个形式转移到钢琴上，但增加了音响的厚度，情绪上也变得深重而富于激情了。此外他还加上了引子和尾声，他们是响亮的和弦与横扫键盘的快速音阶。

  第二首降E大调，富于幻想的行板(andantecapriccioso)，原作的引子颇有气势，主题是快速流利的音阶与有力的断奏相交替，中段是八度技巧的展示，然后再现主题。李斯特没有改变原曲结构，只是加强了各种因素。从钢琴的技巧上来看，这是一首相当复杂的曲子，尤其是两手双音的快速半音阶下行，实在令人生畏。后来他为一般的演奏家写了一段稍容易些的乐句来代替这个双音半音阶下行。

   第三首升G小调，小快板(Allegretto)，改编自帕格尼尼《第二号小提琴协奏曲》第三乐章《模仿钟声的回旋曲》中的中庸快板。此曲极负盛名，李斯特\"炫技之王\"的称号也大多出于此。曲子开头左右手奏出类似钟声的八度，接着在左手轻柔的和弦伴奏之下，右手弹出主旋律。其后在主旋律的多次变奏以及右手大范围跑动下，全曲达到高潮，最后在激烈的和弦中结束。

  第四首E大调，生动活泼的?(arpeggio)，它较少被演奏，也许是趣味性不够:它只是单纯的断奏琶音练习。不过其中的远距离跳跃，也是足够让演奏家下功夫的。

  第五首E大调，小快板(Allegretto)，这首练习曲有个小标题，狩猎(法lachasse)，这是因为它的开头模仿了铜管与木管的声音，后面又有像马儿奔跑的轻快音型。这本来就是一首颇受人们喜爱的小曲，音色明亮纯净，带些幻想的意味。李斯特发挥了钢琴玲珑剔透的音响特点，听上去更加令人愉快。

  第六首A小调，急板(Presto)，这个主题很著名，后来勃拉姆斯和拉赫玛尼诺夫都有根据它而写的杰作。它本身是一首变奏曲，帕格尼尼在一个简洁的主题上展示了各种演奏技巧，李斯特也在这里发挥了钢琴的特性------宽广的音域，对比鲜明的音色，使得原曲获得了更为丰富的音响和更加辉煌的效果。

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